Complex Interaction between Gut Microbiome and Autoimmunity: Focus on Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Olalekan Chris Akinsulie,
Babatunde Ibrahim Olowu,
Ridwan Olamilekan Adesola,
Adenike Adenaya,
Olamilekan Gabriel Banwo,
Charles Egede Ugwu,
Ibrahim Idris,
Pius Babawale,
Qudus Afolabi Akande,
Oluwagbemisola Oyin Olukogbe,
Sammuel Shahzad,
Jesuferanmi Mary Akinsulie
Affiliations
Olalekan Chris Akinsulie
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
Babatunde Ibrahim Olowu
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria
Ridwan Olamilekan Adesola
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria
Adenike Adenaya
Center for Marine Sensors (ZfMarS), Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), School of Mathematics and Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
Olamilekan Gabriel Banwo
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria
Charles Egede Ugwu
Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
Ibrahim Idris
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto 840101, Nigeria
Pius Babawale
Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 90001, USA
Qudus Afolabi Akande
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
Oluwagbemisola Oyin Olukogbe
Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria
Sammuel Shahzad
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
Jesuferanmi Mary Akinsulie
School of Nursing, University College Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), also known as Hughes syndrome, is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by recurrent thrombosis and pregnancy complications, accompanied by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs). These antibodies target anionic phospholipids or protein–phospholipid complexes within cell membranes, contributing to the underlying mechanisms of the disease. Although anticoagulation therapy remains the cornerstone of APS management, it often fails to prevent complications, particularly in obstetric and thrombotic cases. As autoimmune diseases become increasingly linked to alterations in the gut microbiome, this study investigates the complex interaction between gut bacteria and immune modulation in APS. We explore how disruptions in the gut microbiome may influence the development of autoimmune conditions, with a specific focus on APS. By identifying key microorganisms potentially involved in this gut–immune axis, we aim to provide insights into novel preventive and control approaches. Future research should focus on harnessing the gut microbiome to develop more effective treatments that target both the immune system and microbial populations in APS patients.
