Paradoxical Radiosensitizing Effect of Carnosic Acid on B16F10 Metastatic Melanoma Cells: A New Treatment Strategy
Miguel Alcaraz,
Amparo Olivares,
Marina Andreu-Gálvez,
Daniel Gyingiri Achel,
Ana María Mercado,
Miguel Alcaraz-Saura
Affiliations
Miguel Alcaraz
Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Campus de Excelencia Internacional de Ámbito Regional (CEIR)-Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
Amparo Olivares
Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Campus de Excelencia Internacional de Ámbito Regional (CEIR)-Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
Marina Andreu-Gálvez
Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Campus de Excelencia Internacional de Ámbito Regional (CEIR)-Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
Daniel Gyingiri Achel
Applied Radiation Biology Centre, Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Legon, Accra GE-257-0465, Ghana
Ana María Mercado
Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Campus de Excelencia Internacional de Ámbito Regional (CEIR)-Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
Miguel Alcaraz-Saura
Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Campus de Excelencia Internacional de Ámbito Regional (CEIR)-Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
Carnosic acid (CA) is a phenolic diterpene characterized by its high antioxidant activity; it is used in industrial, cosmetic, and nutritional applications. We evaluated the radioprotective capacity of CA on cells directly exposed to X-rays and non-irradiated cells that received signals from X-ray treated cells (radiation induced bystander effect, RIBE). The genoprotective capacity was studied by in vivo and in vitro micronucleus assays. Radioprotective capacity was evaluated by clonogenic cell survival, MTT, apoptosis and intracellular glutathione assays comparing radiosensitive cells (human prostate epithelium, PNT2) with radioresistant cells (murine metastatic melanoma, B16F10). CA was found to exhibit a genoprotective capacity in cells exposed to radiation (p p p p p p p p p p < 0.01), expressing a paradoxical radiosensitizing effect in these cells. Knowing the potential mechanisms of action of substances such as CA could help to create new applications that would protect healthy cells and exclusively damage neoplastic cells, thus presenting a new desirable strategy for cancer patients in need of radiotherapy.
