Quantification of Volatile Aldehydes Deriving from In Vitro Lipid Peroxidation in the Breath of Ventilated Patients
Lukas Martin Müller-Wirtz,
Daniel Kiefer,
Sven Ruffing,
Timo Brausch,
Tobias Hüppe,
Daniel I. Sessler,
Thomas Volk,
Tobias Fink,
Sascha Kreuer,
Felix Maurer
Affiliations
Lukas Martin Müller-Wirtz
CBR—Center of Breath Research, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, 66421 Saarland, Germany
Daniel Kiefer
CBR—Center of Breath Research, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, 66421 Saarland, Germany
Sven Ruffing
CBR—Center of Breath Research, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, 66421 Saarland, Germany
Timo Brausch
CBR—Center of Breath Research, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, 66421 Saarland, Germany
Tobias Hüppe
CBR—Center of Breath Research, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, 66421 Saarland, Germany
Daniel I. Sessler
Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
Thomas Volk
CBR—Center of Breath Research, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, 66421 Saarland, Germany
Tobias Fink
CBR—Center of Breath Research, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, 66421 Saarland, Germany
Sascha Kreuer
CBR—Center of Breath Research, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, 66421 Saarland, Germany
Felix Maurer
CBR—Center of Breath Research, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, 66421 Saarland, Germany
Exhaled aliphatic aldehydes were proposed as non-invasive biomarkers to detect increased lipid peroxidation in various diseases. As a prelude to clinical application of the multicapillary column–ion mobility spectrometry for the evaluation of aldehyde exhalation, we, therefore: (1) identified the most abundant volatile aliphatic aldehydes originating from in vitro oxidation of various polyunsaturated fatty acids; (2) evaluated emittance of aldehydes from plastic parts of the breathing circuit; (3) conducted a pilot study for in vivo quantification of exhaled aldehydes in mechanically ventilated patients. Pentanal, hexanal, heptanal, and nonanal were quantifiable in the headspace of oxidizing polyunsaturated fatty acids, with pentanal and hexanal predominating. Plastic parts of the breathing circuit emitted hexanal, octanal, nonanal, and decanal, whereby nonanal and decanal were ubiquitous and pentanal or heptanal not being detected. Only pentanal was quantifiable in breath of mechanically ventilated surgical patients with a mean exhaled concentration of 13 ± 5 ppb. An explorative analysis suggested that pentanal exhalation is associated with mechanical power—a measure for the invasiveness of mechanical ventilation. In conclusion, exhaled pentanal is a promising non-invasive biomarker for lipid peroxidation inducing pathologies, and should be evaluated in future clinical studies, particularly for detection of lung injury.
