Efficacy and Safety of Tranexamic Acid in Reducing Blood Loss of Lower Extremity Osteotomy in Peri‐acetabulum and High Tibia: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis

Abstract

Objective To assess the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) in reducing total blood loss and transfusion, and the risk of thromboembolic events in patients undergoing periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) and high tibial osteotomy (HTO). Methods A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Embase (Ovid), Medline (Ovid), and Web of Science. ClinicalTrials.gov, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), and Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) conference proceedings were also searched to gain more eligible studies. The primary outcome measure was total blood loss and the blood transfusion rate of the TXA group versus control. The meta‐analysis was conducted using the RevMan 5.3 and Stata 14.0 software. Results A total of six studies were included involving 665 patients. Three studies were PAO, and the other three were HTO. The total blood loss in PAO (WMD, −330.49; 95% CI, −390.16 to −270.83; P < 0.001) and HTO (WMD, −252.50; 95% CI, −356.81 to −148.18; P < 0.001) and hemoglobin decline (WMD, −0.74; 95% CI, −1.09 to −0.38; P < 0.001) were significantly less in the TXA group than in the control group. TXA could reduce transfusion rates in PAO (RR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.75; P = 0.01) but had no effect on HTO (RR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.01 to 4.10; P = 0.30). The wound complications (RR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.13 to 2.94; P = 0.54) had no significant difference between TXA and control groups. Conclusions This meta‐analysis demonstrated that TXA reduces total blood loss and hemoglobin decline in patients undergoing PAO and is safe, but it has little benefit in regard to reducing transfusion rates or wound complications in HTO, so TXA might be unwarranted for routine use for HTO.

Keywords

• Blood loss
• High tibial osteotomy
• Meta‐analysis
• Periacetabular osteotomy
• Tranexamic acid