The Impact of Education Level on Weight Loss in a Primary Care-Anchored eHealth Lifestyle Coaching Program in Denmark: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

In a randomized controlled trial including 340 people living with obesity, with and without type 2 diabetes, digital coaching has induced significant long-term weight loss compared to the usual methods of care. We investigated whether education level influenced this weight loss and which lifestyle changes supported the digital lifestyle coaching program. The intervention consisted of a 1 h face-to-face motivational interview followed by digital coaching using behavioral change techniques. At 6 months, the weight loss in the intervention group was significantly larger in participants with short education (6.0 vs. 2.2 kg, p p = 0.006). Participants with long education experienced initially a modest weight loss, but the effect was maintained, leading to the largest weight loss at 24 months (5.06 [−11.98–1.86] kg), even though there were fewer coaching sessions in the maintenance period. In multiple regression analyses, the greater weight loss in the intervention group was associated with short education (β = 1.81, p = 0.02), improvements in everyday physical activity (β = 2.60, p = 0.014) and improvements in dietary habits (β = 3.84, p = 0.013). In conclusion, at 6 months, the effect of the intervention was more pronounced in people with short education through improvements in everyday physical activity and dietary habits. However, participants with long education sustained their weight loss at 24 months.

Keywords

• digital behavioral coaching
• health behavioral change
• obesity
• type 2 diabetes