Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis: Current Perspectives
Renata Barbosa Paolilo,
Kumaran Deiva,
Rinze Neuteboom,
Kevin Rostásy,
Ming Lim
Affiliations
Renata Barbosa Paolilo
Department of Neurology, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo 05508-060, Brazil
Kumaran Deiva
Department of Pediatric Neurology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Hospitals Paris Saclay, Bicêtre Hospital, 72, Rue G Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
Rinze Neuteboom
Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Kevin Rostásy
Department of Pediatric Neurology, Vestische Kinder und Jugendklinik, Witten/Herdecke University, 45711 Datteln, Germany
Ming Lim
Children’s Neurosciences, Evelina London Children’s Hospital at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immune-mediated central nervous system (CNS) disorder, characterized by polyfocal symptoms, encephalopathy and typical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, that especially affects young children. Advances in understanding CNS neuroimmune disorders as well as the association of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-Ab) with both monophasic and recurrent forms of ADEM have led to new insights into its definition, management and outcome. In this review, we aim to provide an update based on current epidemiologic, clinical, radiological and immunopathological aspects and clinical outcome of ADEM.
