Synthesis of Hydrazone Derivatives of 4-[4-Formyl-3-(2-oxochromen-3-yl)pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid as Potent Growth Inhibitors of Antibiotic-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>
Jedidiah Whitt,
Cameron Duke,
Anthony Sumlin,
Steven A. Chambers,
Rawan Alnufaie,
David Gilmore,
Todd Fite,
Alexei G. Basnakian,
Mohammad A. Alam
Affiliations
Jedidiah Whitt
Department of Chemistry and Physics, College of Science and Mathematics, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467, USA
Cameron Duke
Department of Chemistry and Physics, College of Science and Mathematics, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467, USA
Anthony Sumlin
Department of Chemistry and Physics, College of Science and Mathematics, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467, USA
Steven A. Chambers
Department of Chemistry and Physics, College of Science and Mathematics, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467, USA
Rawan Alnufaie
Department of Chemistry and Physics, College of Science and Mathematics, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467, USA
David Gilmore
Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467, USA
Todd Fite
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
Alexei G. Basnakian
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
Mohammad A. Alam
Department of Chemistry and Physics, College of Science and Mathematics, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467, USA
Microbial resistance to drugs is an unresolved global concern, which is present in every country. Developing new antibiotics is one of the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) to combat bacterial resistance to drugs. Based on our lead molecules, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 27 new pyrazole derivatives. These new coumarin-pyrazole-hydrazone hybrids are readily synthesized from commercially available starting materials and reagents using benign reaction conditions. All the synthesized molecules were tested against 14 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Several of these molecules have been found to be potent growth inhibitors of several strains of these tested bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentrations as low as 1.56 μg/mL. Furthermore, active molecules are non-toxic in in vitro and in vivo toxicity studies.
