Effects of Five–Year Inorganic and Organic Fertilization on Soil Phosphorus Availability and Phosphorus Resupply for Plant P Uptake during Maize Growth
Jingjing Zhang,
Jiong Wen,
Tuo Zhang,
Yang Zhang,
Zhi Peng,
Chunchun Tang,
Yanan Wang,
Shiming Su,
Nan Zhang,
Xibai Zeng
Affiliations
Jingjing Zhang
Key Laboratory of Agro–Environment, The Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Jiong Wen
Yueyang Agricultural Environment Scientific Experiment Station, Ministry of Agriculture, Yueyang 414000, China
Tuo Zhang
Key Laboratory of Agro–Environment, The Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Yang Zhang
Key Laboratory of Agro–Environment, The Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Zhi Peng
Yueyang Agricultural Environment Scientific Experiment Station, Ministry of Agriculture, Yueyang 414000, China
Chunchun Tang
Yueyang Agricultural Environment Scientific Experiment Station, Ministry of Agriculture, Yueyang 414000, China
Yanan Wang
Key Laboratory of Agro–Environment, The Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Shiming Su
Key Laboratory of Agro–Environment, The Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Nan Zhang
Key Laboratory of Agro–Environment, The Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Xibai Zeng
Key Laboratory of Agro–Environment, The Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
A better understanding of the P dynamic resupply roles of fertilization from soil solids to solution is urgently required to optimize sustainable P fertilizer management practices for efficient supply. A five–year fertilization experiment was used to investigate the effects on soil P fractions and availability, the kinetic P resupply based on a novel simulation technique (Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) and DGT–induced fluxes in sediments and soils (DIFS) ) and to identify dominant factors during the maize season under five treatments (no fertilizer (CK), chemical fertilizer (NPK), chemical fertilizer combined with bone meal fertilizer (NPKC), crop straw (NPKS) and bioorganic fertilizer (NPKM)). The results showed that the NPKC and NPKM treatments had higher enhancement effects on Olsen–P and organic P and inorganic Ca2–P, Ca8–P, Al–P and Fe–P at maize growth stages, and they buffered pH decrease to delay the substantial Fe–P and Al–P release until a late stage. Inorganic Ca2–P, Ca8–P, Al–P and Fe–P heavily effected the Olsen–P levels. The NPKS, NPKC and NPKM treatments yielded higher CDGT–P levels and a stronger resupply capacity, reflected by higher R and CE/Csoln and smaller Tc values. The simulation and path model results revealed that the maize plant P uptake was determined by soil P resupply and an inorganic P supply pool. They were positively dominated by soil organic matter (SOM). Our results suggested that organic fertilization, especially NPKC and NPKM treatments, provided greater enhancement effects on the P supply pool and P resupply for higher plant P uptake, identifying them as highly effective P management practices for developing sustainable agriculture.
