Association Between Obesity and Dyslipidemia in Prediabetic Patients at Health Centers in Amol, 2023

Abstract

Background and purpose: Obesity is a common risk factor for lipid disorders, diabetes, and prediabetes, all of which are associated with adverse health outcomes and premature mortality. Considering the serious complications of hyperlipidemia and the lack of sufficient studies examining hyperlipidemia in prediabetic patients, timely identification of underlying factors, along with prevention and education, is critical in reducing the incidence of these conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between obesity and lipid disorders in prediabetic individuals, as well as to evaluate the independent effect of prediabetes on lipid levels and the combined effect of obesity and prediabetes. Materials and methods: The present study is descriptive and analytical in nature. The statistical population consists of individuals over 30 years of age who visited health centers in Amol city. The centers were selected through simple random sampling, and the sample size was calculated to be 530 individuals. By reviewing health records, prediabetic individuals who were obese or had normal BMI were included in the study until the required sample size was reached. A person is considered obese if their BMI is equal to or higher than 30 kg/m². Information on blood sugar and lipid levels was extracted from patient files and recorded. The weight, height, and waist circumference of the subjects were measured, and BMI was calculated. Blood pressure was measured using a mercury sphygmomanometer. After data collection, data entry and analysis were performed using SPSS-23 software. The significance level was set at 0.05. Due to the normal distribution of the data, the Student’s t-test and ANOVA were used to compare quantitative variables, while multiple regression analysis was employed to evaluate the dependent variable against other independent variables. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to assess relationships between quantitative variables. Results: In total, 515 individuals met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, with 396 women and 119 men participating. The results indicated a significant relationship between abnormal waist circumference and dyslipidemia (P= 0.001), BMI and dyslipidemia (P= 0.001), and family history of obesity, family history of hyperlipidemia, and dyslipidemia (P= 0.001). However, no significant relationship was found between family history of diabetes and dyslipidemia (P= 0.05) or between dyslipidemia and age, occupation, sex, and smoking. The findings showed that for every increase in LDL, the likelihood of dyslipidemia increases by 1.5 times; for every increase in fasting blood sugar (FBS), it increases by 1.2 times; and for every increase in triglyceride levels, it increases by 1.1 times. The chance of dyslipidemia increases by 14.6 times in people with a family history of diabetes and by 0.02 times in those with a family history of hyperlipidemia. A significant relationship between BMI and dyslipidemia was observed (P= 0.001). With increasing BMI, the chance of dyslipidemia increases by 0.68 times. Additionally, a significant relationship was found between LDL and BMI (P= 0.000), and a significant inverse relationship was observed between HDL and BMI (P= 0.003). A significant relationship was also found between cholesterol (COL) and BMI (P= 0.000), triglycerides and BMI (P= 0.000), and waist circumference and BMI (P= 0.000). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that BMI has a positive correlation with HDL, LDL, triglycerides, and cholesterol. As obesity increases, the likelihood of dyslipidemia rises as well. Moreover, increases in LDL, FBS, and triglycerides, along with a family history of diabetes and hyperlipidemia, are associated with an elevated risk of dyslipidemia.

Keywords

• prediabetic state
• dyslipidemias
• obesity
• lpid disorder
• normal bmi