Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients: A population-based retrospective cohort study

Abstract

Background/purpose: Predictors for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in COVID-19 patients remain unclear. We identified the predictors for OHCA and in-hospital mortality among such patients in community isolation centers. Methods: From May 15 to June 20, 2021, this cohort study recruited 2555 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to isolation centers in Taiwan. All patients were followed up until death, discharge from the isolation center or hospital, or July 16, 2021. OHCA was defined as cardiac arrest confirmed by the absence of circulation signs and occurring outside the hospital. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to determine factors associated with OHCA and in-hospital mortality. Results: Of the 37 deceased patients, 7 (18.9%) had OHCA and 30 (81.1%) showed in-hospital mortality. The mean (SD) time to OHCA was 6.6 (3.3) days from the symptom onset. After adjusting for demographics and comorbidities, independent predictors for OHCA included age ≥65 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 13.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.85–94.82), fever on admission to the isolation center (AOR: 12.53, 95% CI: 1.68–93.34), and hypoxemia (an oxygen saturation level below 95% on room air) (AOR: 26.54, 95% CI: 3.18–221.73). Predictors for in-hospital mortality included age ≥65 years (AOR: 10.28, 95% CI: 2.95–35.90), fever on admission to the isolation centers (AOR: 7.27, 95% CI: 1.90–27.83), and hypoxemia (AOR: 29.87, 95% CI: 10.17–87.76). Conclusions: Time to OHCA occurrence is rapid in COVID-19 patients. Close monitoring of patients’ vital signs and disease severity during isolation is important, particularly for those with older age, fever, and hypoxemia.

Keywords

• SARS-CoV-2
• COVID-19
• Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
• Mortality
• Hypoxemia