Clinical and visual outcomes following endogenous endophthalmitis: 175 consecutive cases from a tertiary referral center in Taiwan

Abstract

Background: To elucidate the linkage between organisms and visual outcome in cases of endogenous endophthalmitis. Methods: Patients who presented with signs of endogenous endophthalmitis between January 2008 and December 2015 and underwent a vitreous tapping were enrolled. The patients’ demographics and clinical findings were recorded. The outcomes include visual acuity and enucleation. Results: A total of 175 consecutive patients with endogenous endophthalmitis were enrolled. Forty-four percent of the patients had a known distal focus of infection. The most common focus was liver abscess (24.6%), and the major intravitreal isolate was Klebsiella pneumoniae (34.4%). In this series, 51.4% of the intravitreal cultures were positive. The visual acuity of fungal ophthalmitis were better than in bacterial ophthalmitis. Multivariate logistic regression showed that Gram negative vitreous isolates, compared with the negative vitreous culture, were associated with higher risk of enucleation (Odds ratio [OR]: 10.424, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 3.019–35.995). The use of intravitreal antibiotics, compared non-users, was associated with a reduced risk of enucleation (OR:0.084, 95% CI: 0.026–0.268). Trans pars plana vitrectomy was not associated with risk of enucleation (OR: 0.307, 95% CI: 0.035–2.693). The post-treatment VA was positively correlated with the presenting VA (r = 0.718, p = 0.0001). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that liver abscess is the most common source of endogenous endophthalmitis in Taiwan. The visual outcome is good when the presenting visual acuity is relatively well preserved and when the infecting organism is fungus. The use of intra-vitreal antibiotics reduces the risk of enucleation.

Keywords

• Endogenous endophthalmitis
• Intravitreous injection
• Outcome
• Visual acuity
• Vitreous culture
• Vitrectomy