Effect of Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass flux in Carreau-Yasuda tri-nanofluid

Abstract

The Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass flux theory extends classic models to provide more accurate predictions in situations with instantaneous heat and mass transfer. Herein, an enhancement of heat and mass transfer in Carreau-Yasuda (CY) tri-nanofluid (TNF) over a stretched surface is modeled and studied via generalized conservation laws subjected to Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass flux theory. Silicon carbide (SiC), Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3), and Silver (Ag) are recruited as active nanoparticles in ethylene glycol (C2H6O2), and hired as CY fluid. Based on Finite Element Method (FEM), the code is created and validated for the formulated problems by comparing the current results to the published benchmarks. The computational findings showed that the thickness of the thermal and diffusion boundary layer decreases by increasing the thermal (δ) and diffusion relaxation (δc) parameters. The numerical analysis showed that CY-TNF exerts the largest shear stress on the wall compared to CY mono nanofluid (NF), and CY hybrid nanofluid (HNF). If CY-TNF has to flow over the specific surface, then adequate surface strength must be ensured. Moreover, comparing enhancement in thermal properties of CY-NF, CY-HNF, and CY-TNF revealed that the CY-TNF performs better than CY-HNF and CY-NF. Owing to the highest heat and mass flux, CY-TNF has an optimized ability to transport heat and mass, thus proving to be an efficient fluid for all processes requiring optimized heat and mass flux.

Keywords

• Tri-hybrid nanoparticles
• Thermal enhancement
• Non-uniform wall temperature
• Variable magnetic field
• Heat and mass flux theory