Recent Trends in Three-Dimensional Bioinks Based on Alginate for Biomedical Applications
Farnoosh Pahlevanzadeh,
Hamidreza Mokhtari,
Hamid Reza Bakhsheshi-Rad,
Rahmatollah Emadi,
Mahshid Kharaziha,
Ali Valiani,
S. Ali Poursamar,
Ahmad Fauzi Ismail,
Seeram RamaKrishna,
Filippo Berto
Affiliations
Farnoosh Pahlevanzadeh
Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
Hamidreza Mokhtari
Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
Hamid Reza Bakhsheshi-Rad
Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
Rahmatollah Emadi
Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
Mahshid Kharaziha
Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
Ali Valiani
Department of Anatomical Science, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
S. Ali Poursamar
Biomaterials, Nanotechnology, and Tissue Engineering Group, Advanced Medical Technology Department, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
Advanced Membrane Technology Research Center (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
Seeram RamaKrishna
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore
Filippo Berto
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an appealing and revolutionary manufacturing approach for the accurate placement of biologics, such as living cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) components, in the form of a 3D hierarchical structure to fabricate synthetic multicellular tissues. Many synthetic and natural polymers are applied as cell printing bioinks. One of them, alginate (Alg), is an inexpensive biomaterial that is among the most examined hydrogel materials intended for vascular, cartilage, and bone tissue printing. It has also been studied pertaining to the liver, kidney, and skin, due to its excellent cell response and flexible gelation preparation through divalent ions including calcium. Nevertheless, Alg hydrogels possess certain negative aspects, including weak mechanical characteristics, poor printability, poor structural stability, and poor cell attachment, which may restrict its usage along with the 3D printing approach to prepare artificial tissue. In this review paper, we prepare the accessible materials to be able to encourage and boost new Alg-based bioink formulations with superior characteristics for upcoming purposes in drug delivery systems. Moreover, the major outcomes are discussed, and the outstanding concerns regarding this area and the scope for upcoming examination are outlined.
