Investigation via Electron Microscopy and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of the Effect of Aqueous Zinc Ions on Passivity and the Surface Films of Alloy 600 in PWR PW at 320 °C

Abstract

Aqueous zinc ions lower the corrosion rate of Alloy 600, which helps lower the radiation dose rate in pressurized water reactors (PWRs). The influence of zinc on the electrochemical behavior of Alloy 600 in PWR primary water (PW) at 320 °C was investigated using a combination of electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Secondary electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) indicated duplex surface films were formed on the Alloy 600 in PWR PW with and without 100 ppb of zinc. There was no effect of zinc on the chromium-rich inner layer (IL) (of Cr2O3 and/or CrOOH). Zinc had a significant effect on the outer layer (OL). In the absence of zinc, a highly porous OL formed that was mostly composed of nickel oxide whiskers. In the presence of zinc, a zinc-containing, denser OL of oxide was formed. The EIS data were acquired in laboratory simulated PWR PW at 320 °C with and without 100 ppb zinc. The spectra were measured at nine different values of potential that spanned a 500 mV-wide range. The EIS indicated there was no effect of zinc on the oxidation rate of metals at the alloy/IL interface nor on the transport of ions through the IL. Zinc lowered the corrosion rate because the dense OL inhibited the release of nickel ions from the IL into the solution.

Keywords

• passive film
• Alloy 600
• pressurized water reactor primary water with zinc
• electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
• scanning transmission electron microcopy
• energy-dispersive spectroscopy