Significance of <i>Demodex folliculorum</i> and <i>Demodex brevis</i> in Pathogenesis of Dermatological Diseases—Current State of Knowledge

Abstract

Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis are external parasites that reside in human hair follicles and sebaceous glands, most commonly on the cheeks, chin, nose, and eyelids, inhabiting the eyelash follicles. The prevalence of Demodex spp. varies with age. The highest concentration of mites is observed in older people, being almost 100%, and the lowest is found in children. Although the presence of parasites does not directly lead to the development of pathological symptoms, their high density is associated with diseases such as rosacea or blepharitis. This manuscript delves into the biological characteristics of Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis with consideration of current diagnostic techniques for detecting Demodex mites. It also aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the role Demodex mites play in the development of various dermatological conditions, with a review of the current therapeutic approaches for managing Demodex-related diseases.

Keywords

• <i>Demodex folliculorum</i>
• <i>Demodex brevis</i>
• demodicosis
• rosacea
• blepharitis