Gut Microbiota across Normal Gestation and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Cohort Analysis
Patricia M. Dualib,
Carla R. Taddei,
Gabriel Fernandes,
Camila R. S. Carvalho,
Luiz Gustavo Sparvoli,
Isis T. Silva,
Rosiane Mattar,
Sandra R. G. Ferreira,
Sergio A. Dib,
Bianca de Almeida-Pititto
Affiliations
Patricia M. Dualib
Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sena Madureira, 1500, Vila Clementino, São Paulo CEP 04021-001, Brazil
Carla R. Taddei
Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis and Obstetrics, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580—Bloco 17, São Paulo CEP 05508-000, Brazil
Gabriel Fernandes
DepaBiosystems Informatics and Genomics Group, Instituto René Rachou—Fiocruz Minas, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1714, Belo Horizonte CEP 30190-002, Brazil
Camila R. S. Carvalho
Graduate Program in Endocrinology and Metabology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Estado de Israel, nº 639, Vila Clementino, São Paulo CEP 04022-001, Brazil
Luiz Gustavo Sparvoli
Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis and Obstetrics, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580—Bloco 17, São Paulo CEP 05508-000, Brazil
Isis T. Silva
Nutrition Course, Centro Universitário Estácio de Sá, Rua Erê, 207, Belo Horizonte CEP 30411-052, Brazil
Rosiane Mattar
Departament of Obstetrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Napoleão de Barros, 875—Vila Clementino, São Paulo CEP 04024-002, Brazil
Sandra R. G. Ferreira
Department of Epidemiology, Escola de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715—Cerqueira César, São Paulo CEP 01246-904, Brazil
Sergio A. Dib
Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sena Madureira, 1500, Vila Clementino, São Paulo CEP 04021-001, Brazil
Bianca de Almeida-Pititto
Department of Preventive Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Campus São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, n° 740, Vila Clementino, São Paulo CEP 04023-062, Brazil
The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a global public health concern. The mechanism that leads to glucose tolerance beyond normal physiological levels to pathogenic conditions remains incompletely understood, and it is speculated that the maternal microbiome may play an important role. This study analyzes the gut microbiota composition in each trimester of weight-matched women with and without GDM and examines possible bacterial genera associations with GDM. This study followed 56 pregnant women with GDM and 59 without admitted to the outpatient clinic during their first/second or third trimester of gestation. They were submitted to a standardized questionnaire, dietary recalls, clinical examination, biological sample collection, and molecular profiling of fecal microbiota. Women with GDM were older and had a higher number of pregnancies than normal-tolerant ones. There was no difference in alpha diversity, and the groups did not differ regarding the overall microbiota structure. A higher abundance of Bacteroides in the GDM group was found. A positive correlation between Christensenellaceae and Intestinobacter abundances with one-hour post-challenge plasma glucose and a negative correlation between Enterococcus and two-hour plasma glucose levels were observed. Bifidobacterium and Peptococcus abundances were increased in the third gestational trimester for both groups. The gut microbiota composition was not dependent on the presence of GDM weight-matched women throughout gestation. However, some genera abundances showed associations with glucose metabolism. Our findings may therefore encourage a deeper understanding of physiological and pathophysiological changes in the microbiota throughout pregnancy, which could have further implications for diseases prevention.
