Актуальні питання суспільних наук та історії медицини (Dec 2015)
СОЦІАЛЬНО-ФІЛОСОФСЬКІ АСПЕКТИ ГЕШТАЛЬТ-ПСИХОЛОГІЇ / Social-Philosophical Aspect of Geshtalt-Psychology
Abstract
Зорий Нина Социально-философские аспекты гештальт-психологии. В статье проведен анализ научной концепции Ф. Перлза в гештальт-психологии и гештальттерапии. Выделен социально-философский аспект фрейдизма в контексте развития гештальтпсихологии. Определены особенности влияния экзистенциальной философии на формирование научной школы гештальт-психологии. Ключевые слова: гештальт-психология, гештальт-терапии, экзистенциальная философия, экзистенциальная психология, феноменология. Nina Zoriy. Social-Philosophical Aspect of Geshtalt-Psychology. The article deals with the analysis of F.Perls’ scientific conception in Geshtaltpsychology and Geshtalt-therapy. The socialphilosophical aspect of Freud’s theory is isolated in the context of development of Geshtalt psychology. The peculiarities of the influence of existence philosophy on the creation of Geshtalt psychology scientific school are determined. The conception of the Geshtalt-therapist F. Perls has been analyzed, who defined analogically to psychosexual stages of Z. Freud that the man, in addition to his principal requirements there are food needs realized according to four phases of the development of hunger instinct: prenatal, predental, canine, and molar. The main Perls’ idea is that this mechanism can be applied concerning psyche, when the man receives necessary “components” to maintain and develop himself. The mechanisms of introduction of Geshtaltpsychology and Geshtalt-therapy of phenomenologicalexistence ideas are characterized, in particular: recognition of responsibility and choice of an individual in the process of existence, as the responsibility to make decisions is a source of anxiety as well as peculiarities of existence dialogue. The conceptual differences of psychoanalysis and Geshtalt-psychology (on the base of F. Perls’ conception) are determined and the necessity to conduct methodological analysis of Geshtalt psychology and Freudism is substantiated, which is a powerful philosophicalpsychological basis of modern ethnology, anthropology, art etc. Key words: Geshtalt-psychology, Geshtalt-therapy, existance philosophy, existance psychology, phenomenology.
