Hydrophobicity–water/air–based enrichment cell for microplastics analysis within environmental samples: A proof of concept
Gerrit Renner,
Alexander Nellessen,
Alexander Schwiers,
Mike Wenzel,
Torsten C. Schmidt,
Jürgen Schram
Affiliations
Gerrit Renner
Instrumental Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Frankenring 20, D-47798 Krefeld, Germany; Instrumental Analytical Chemistry and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany; Corresponding author at: Instrumental Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Frankenring 20, D-47798 Krefeld, Germany.
Alexander Nellessen
Instrumental Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Frankenring 20, D-47798 Krefeld, Germany
Alexander Schwiers
Instrumental Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Frankenring 20, D-47798 Krefeld, Germany
Mike Wenzel
Instrumental Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Frankenring 20, D-47798 Krefeld, Germany
Torsten C. Schmidt
Instrumental Analytical Chemistry and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany
Jürgen Schram
Instrumental Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Frankenring 20, D-47798 Krefeld, Germany
The analysis of microplastics in sediments, soils or beach samples is commonly paired with a separation step to enrich microplastics or to remove non-plastics, respectively. Those steps are often very time consuming and are performed in presence of high concentrated solvents. The latter are also suspected to corrode or decompose the analyte particles, which hamper further identification processes. This paper describes a new fast and effective microplastics separation apparatus for analytical issues that was based on hydrophobic adhesion of microplastics and fine air bubbles. The presented prototype could successfully enrich over 90 %wt of 30ppmw microplastics in 200 g sand in 20 min. Additionally, it could be demonstrated that the new separation technique was very suitable for further microplastics identification by FTIR microscopy. In this context, a sample with different polymers and matrix components was analyzed and the results were presented within this article. • Microplastics were enriched selectively by hydrophobic adhesion. • No additional chemicals except water and air were used. • Separation took only 20 min and 90 %wtof microplastics were recovered.
