An exploration of explicit and implicit learning of rules by English Second Language learners

Abstract

This article addresses the issue of whether second language learners of English can benefit from explicitly taught rules. It describes research carried out on 264 South African respondents at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University – hereafter referred to as NMMU (previously known as the University of Port Elizabeth), some of whom were first and some second language speakers of English. The research replicates in a multilingual environment one done by Green and Hecht (1992) in which twelve errors commonly committed by German learners of English were given to 300 respondents at various levels from school pupils to university students. It was found that the South African respondents were less likely than the German ones to be able to articulate rules of grammar and also less able to correct the errors. If they were able to state which rule of grammar had been broken they were almost always able to correct the error.

Keywords

• English Second Language learners
• explicit and implicit learning
• Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University