Control of Renal Tubular Sodium and Water Absorption - An Animated Model

Abstract

Abstract The kidney is among the most complex of internal organs. This is due in large part to the multiple and integrated mechanisms of the kidney and their highly dynamic regulation by a variety of neurohormonal and hemodynamic inputs. Accordingly, teaching renal physiology in a manner that promotes an integrated concept of dynamic kidney function is a challenge. The goal of this learning resource is to provide students with a visual image of how the volume and osmolality of urine are controlled by the effects of angiotensin-II (AGII), aldosterone, and antidiuretic hormone (ADH). The model was designed to offer an animated depiction and written description of the function of each segment of the renal tubule. Through an interactive feature, the model animates the effect of AGII, aldosterone, and ADH on renal tubular absorption of sodium and water and, consequently, the volume and osmolality of urine. This model is valuable as a cross-sectional teaching tool. It can be introduced in the basic science medical or undergraduate curriculum when teaching renal physiology. The model is also useful in the clinical curriculum for teaching the effect of RAAS activation and ADH on water and sodium reabsorption by the kidney.

Keywords

• Vasopressins
• Nephrons
• Sodium
• Water
• Antidiuretic Hormone
• ADH