PLoS ONE (Jan 2024)

The incidence, characteristics, impact and risk factors of post-COVID chronic pain in Thailand: A single-center cross-sectional study.

  • Suratsawadee Wangnamthip,
  • Nantthasorn Zinboonyahgoon,
  • Pranee Rushatamukayanunt,
  • Patcha Papaisarn,
  • Burapa Pajina,
  • Thanawut Jitsinthunun,
  • Panuwat Promsin,
  • Rujipas Sirijatuphat,
  • César Fernández-de-Las-Peñas,
  • Lars Arendt-Nielsen,
  • Daniel Ciampi de Andrade

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296700
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 19, no. 1
p. e0296700

Abstract

Read online

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected millions of individuals worldwide. Pain has emerged as a significant post-COVID-19 symptom. This study investigated the incidence, characteristics, and risk factors of post-COVID chronic pain (PCCP) in Thailand. A cross-sectional study was conducted in participants who had been infected, including those hospitalized and monitored at home by SARS-CoV-2 from August to September 2021. Data were collected for screening from medical records, and phone interviews were done between 3 to 6 months post-infection. Participants were classified into 1) no-pain, 2) PCCP, 3) chronic pain that has been aggravated by COVID-19, or 4) chronic pain that has not been aggravated by COVID-19. Pain interference and quality of life were evaluated with the Brief Pain Inventory and EuroQol Five Dimensions Five Levels Questionnaire. From 1,019 participants, 90% of the participants had mild infection, assessed by WHO progression scale. The overall incidence of PCCP was 3.2% (95% CI 2.3-4.5), with 2.8% (95% CI 2.0-4.1) in mild infection, 5.2% (95% CI 1.2-14.1) in moderate infection and 8.5% (95% CI 3.4-19.9) in severe infection. Most participants (83.3%) reported pain in the back and lower extremities and were classified as musculoskeletal pain and headache (8.3%). Risk factors associated with PCCP, included female sex (relative risk [RR] 2.2, 95% CI 1.0-4.9) and greater COVID-19 severity (RR 3.5, 95% CI 1.1-11.7). Participants with COVID-19-related exacerbated chronic pain displayed higher pain interferences and lower utility scores than other groups. In conclusion, this study highlights the incidence, features, and risk factors of post-COVID chronic pain (PCCP) in Thailand. It emphasizes the need to monitor and address PCCP, especially in severe cases, among females, and individuals with a history of chronic pain to improve their quality of life in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.