Enrichment of Total Flavonoids and Licochalcone A from <i>Glycyrrhiza inflata</i> Bat. Residue Based on a Combined Membrane–Macroporous Resin Process and a Quality-Control Study

Abstract

Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat. produces a lot of licorice waste after water extraction, which also retains abundant total flavonoids (TFs) and licochalcone A. However, licorice residue is often wasted due to the lack of good utilization of resources in practical applications. This study first screened the optimal membrane pore size and resin type and then explored the mechanism and conditions of the adsorption of TFs on the resin. Then, different combinations and sequences of membrane and macroporous resin (MR) methods were investigated. It was found that using the membrane method for initial purification, followed by the MR method for further purification, yielded the best purification results. Next, response surface methodology was utilized to investigate the resin’s dynamic desorption conditions for TFs. Finally, the TF purity increased from 32.9% to 78.2% (2.38-fold) after purification by a combined membrane–MR process; the purity of licochalcone A increased from 11.63 mg·g−1 to 22.70 mg·g−1 (1.95-fold). This study verified the feasibility of enriching TFs and licochalcone A from licorice residue using a membrane–MR coupling method. In addition, a quality-control method was established using a fingerprinting method on the basis of ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) to ensure the stability of the enrichment process.

Keywords

• <i>Glycyrrhiza inflata</i> Bat. residue
• total flavonoids
• licochalcone A
• UPLC fingerprint
• quality control