Lactose intolerance and levothyroxine malabsorption: a review of the literature and report of a series of patients treated with liquid L-T4 without lactose

• Silvia Martina Ferrari,
• Armando Patrizio,
• Valeria Mazzi,
• Francesca Ragusa,
• Chiara Botrini,
• Giusy Elia,
• Eugenia Balestri,
• Emilio Barozzi,
• Licia Rugani,
• Fabiana Bracchitta,
• Giulio Stoppini,
• Giada Frenzilli,
• Enke Baldini,
• Camilla Virili,
• Salvatore Benvenga,
• Salvatore Benvenga,
• Salvatore Benvenga,
• Poupak Fallahi,
• Alessandro Antonelli

Affiliations

Silvia Martina Ferrari

Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Armando Patrizio

Department of Emergency Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy

Valeria Mazzi

Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Francesca Ragusa

Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Chiara Botrini

Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Giusy Elia

Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Eugenia Balestri

Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Emilio Barozzi

Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Licia Rugani

Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Fabiana Bracchitta

Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Giulio Stoppini

Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Giada Frenzilli

Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Enke Baldini

Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

Camilla Virili

Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Latina, Italy

Salvatore Benvenga

Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

Salvatore Benvenga

Adolescent and Women’s Endocrine Health, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

Salvatore Benvenga

Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico “G. Martino”, Messina, Italy

Poupak Fallahi

Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Alessandro Antonelli

Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy