New positron emission radiopharmaceuticals in urological radionuclide imaging

Abstract

The literature review examines the historical aspects and key issues of the clinical application of new radiopharmaceuticals (RF) for positron emission tomography (PET). The gold standard for measuring effective renal plasma flow is p-[18F] fluorohippurate ([18F] PFH) due to its structure close to p-aminoimpurate one. [18F] FDS is a new potential tracer for the diagnosis of acute renal failure. PET tracers Re (CO) 3 ([18F] FEDA) and [18F] PFH are effective as surrogate markers for the selection of patients for endoradiotherapy with a potential nephrotoxic profile, in patients with hematopoietic malignant tumours and prostate cancer. PET imaging of the kidneys and urinary system can be of additional importance in difficult clinical situations and provide effective support in making diagnostic decisions, in particular in paediatric patients. Further scientific diagnostic research should focus on the synthesis of new radiopharmaceuticals that will have ideal properties for renal functional imaging, low binding to plasma proteins, high metabolic stability and low hepatobiliary clearance.

Keywords

• radionuclide imaging
• positron emission tomography
• radiopharmaceutical
• kidneys
• glomerular filtration rate
• effective renal plasma flow
• review