A randomized placebo-controlled cross-over study on the effects of anthocyanins on inflammatory and metabolic responses to a high-fat meal in healthy subjects
Eleonora Cremonini,
Elena Daveri,
Dario E. Iglesias,
Jiye Kang,
Ziwei Wang,
Russell Gray,
Angela Mastaloudis,
Colin D. Kay,
Shelly N. Hester,
Steven M. Wood,
Cesar G. Fraga,
Patricia I. Oteiza
Affiliations
Eleonora Cremonini
Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
Elena Daveri
Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
Dario E. Iglesias
Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
Jiye Kang
Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
Ziwei Wang
Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
Russell Gray
Pharmanex Research, NSE Products, Inc., Provo, UT, USA
Angela Mastaloudis
Pharmanex Research, NSE Products, Inc., Provo, UT, USA
Colin D. Kay
Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA
Shelly N. Hester
Pharmanex Research, NSE Products, Inc., Provo, UT, USA
Steven M. Wood
Pharmanex Research, NSE Products, Inc., Provo, UT, USA
Cesar G. Fraga
Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Physical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular-Dr. Alberto Boveris (IBIMOL), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Corresponding author. Departments of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Patricia I. Oteiza
Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Corresponding author. Departments of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
This study investigated the effects of supplementation with a cyanidin- and delphinidin-rich extract (CDRE) on the postprandial dysmetabolism, inflammation, and redox and insulin signaling, triggered by the consumption of a high fat meal (HFM) in healthy individuals. Participants (n = 25) consumed a 1026-kcal HFM simultaneously with either the CDRE providing 320.4 mg of anthocyanins (90% cyanidin and delphinidin) or placebo. Diets were randomly assigned in a double blind, placebo-controlled crossover design. Blood was collected prior to (fasted, time 0), and for 5 h after meal consumption; plasma, serum, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated. AC metabolites were detected in serum as early as 30 min after CDRE consumption. The CDRE mitigated HFM-induced endotoxemia, reducing increases in plasma LPS and LPS-binding protein. The CDRE also reduced other events associated with HFM-triggered postprandial dysmetabolism including: i) plasma glucose and triglyceride increases; ii) TNFα and NOX4 upregulation in PBMC; and iii) JNK1/2 activation in PBMC. The CDRE did not significantly affect HFM-mediated increases in plasma insulin, GLP-1, GLP-2, GIP, and LDL- and HDL-cholesterol, and IKK phosphorylation in PBMC. In summary, dietary AC, i.e. cyanidin and delphinidin, exerted beneficial actions against unhealthy diets by modulating the associated postprandial dysmetabolism, endotoxemia, alterations of glycemia and lipidemia, and redox and insulin signaling.
