Physical-Exercise-Induced Antioxidant Effects on the Brain and Skeletal Muscle
Jennyffer Souza,
Rodrigo Augusto da Silva,
Débora da Luz Scheffer,
Rafael Penteado,
Alexandre Solano,
Leonardo Barros,
Henning Budde,
Andrés Trostchansky,
Alexandra Latini
Affiliations
Jennyffer Souza
Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Oxidative Stress—LABOX, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-100, Brazil
Rodrigo Augusto da Silva
Epigenetic Study Center and Gene Regulation—CEEpiRG, Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University—UNIP, São Paulo 05508-070, Brazil
Débora da Luz Scheffer
Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Oxidative Stress—LABOX, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-100, Brazil
Rafael Penteado
Human Performance Research Group, Center for Health and Sport Sciences, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-100, Brazil
Alexandre Solano
Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Oxidative Stress—LABOX, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-100, Brazil
Leonardo Barros
Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Oxidative Stress—LABOX, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-100, Brazil
Henning Budde
Institute for Systems Medicine, Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
Andrés Trostchansky
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
Alexandra Latini
Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Oxidative Stress—LABOX, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-100, Brazil
Erythroid-related nuclear factor 2 (NRF2) and the antioxidant-responsive-elements (ARE) signaling pathway are the master regulators of cell antioxidant defenses, playing a key role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, a scenario in which proper mitochondrial function is essential. Increasing evidence indicates that the regular practice of physical exercise increases cellular antioxidant defenses by activating NRF2 signaling. This manuscript reviewed classic and ongoing research on the beneficial effects of exercise on the antioxidant system in both the brain and skeletal muscle.
