Frontiers in Immunology (Oct 2022)
Evaluation of humoral and cellular response to four vaccines against COVID-19 in different age groups: A longitudinal study
- Giorgio Fedele,
- Filippo Trentini,
- Filippo Trentini,
- Ilaria Schiavoni,
- Sergio Abrignani,
- Sergio Abrignani,
- Guido Antonelli,
- Vincenzo Baldo,
- Tatjana Baldovin,
- Alessandra Bandera,
- Alessandra Bandera,
- Filippa Bonura,
- Pierangelo Clerici,
- Massimo De Paschale,
- Francesca Fortunato,
- Andrea Gori,
- Andrea Gori,
- Renata Grifantini,
- Giancarlo Icardi,
- Tiziana Lazzarotto,
- Tiziana Lazzarotto,
- Vittorio Lodi,
- Claudio Maria Mastroianni,
- Andrea Orsi,
- Rosa Prato,
- Vincenzo Restivo,
- Rita Carsetti,
- Eva Piano Mortari,
- Pasqualina Leone,
- Eleonora Olivetta,
- Stefano Fiore,
- Angela Di Martino,
- Silvio Brusaferro,
- Stefano Merler,
- Anna Teresa Palamara,
- Paola Stefanelli
Affiliations
- Giorgio Fedele
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Filippo Trentini
- Center for Health Emergencies, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy
- Filippo Trentini
- Dondena Centre for Research on Social Dynamics and Public Policy, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy
- Ilaria Schiavoni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Sergio Abrignani
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Padiglione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan, Italy
- Sergio Abrignani
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Guido Antonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, AOU Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Vincenzo Baldo
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Applied Microbiology, Hygiene and Public Health Unit, Department of Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Tatjana Baldovin
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Applied Microbiology, Hygiene and Public Health Unit, Department of Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Alessandra Bandera
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Alessandra Bandera
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milano, Milan, Italy
- Filippa Bonura
- 0Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Pierangelo Clerici
- 1Microbiology Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Ovest Milanese, Milan, Italy
- Massimo De Paschale
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Francesca Fortunato
- 2Hygiene Unit, Policlinico Riuniti Foggia Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
- Andrea Gori
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Andrea Gori
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milano, Milan, Italy
- Renata Grifantini
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Padiglione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan, Italy
- Giancarlo Icardi
- 3Hygiene Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova, and Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Tiziana Lazzarotto
- 4Microbiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Tiziana Lazzarotto
- 5Section of Microbiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Vittorio Lodi
- 6Occupational Health Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Claudio Maria Mastroianni
- 7Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, AOU Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Andrea Orsi
- 3Hygiene Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova, and Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Rosa Prato
- 2Hygiene Unit, Policlinico Riuniti Foggia Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
- Vincenzo Restivo
- 0Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Rita Carsetti
- 8B Cell Lab, Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Eva Piano Mortari
- 8B Cell Lab, Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Pasqualina Leone
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Eleonora Olivetta
- 9National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Stefano Fiore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Angela Di Martino
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Silvio Brusaferro
- 0Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Stefano Merler
- Center for Health Emergencies, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy
- Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Paola Stefanelli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1021396
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 13
Abstract
To date there has been limited head-to-head evaluation of immune responses to different types of COVID-19 vaccines. A real-world population-based longitudinal study was designed with the aim to define the magnitude and duration of immunity induced by each of four different COVID-19 vaccines available in Italy at the time of this study. Overall, 2497 individuals were enrolled at time of their first vaccination (T0). Vaccine-specific antibody responses induced over time by Comirnaty, Spikevax, Vaxzevria, Janssen Ad26.COV2.S and heterologous vaccination were compared up to six months after immunization. On a subset of Comirnaty vaccinees, serology data were correlated with the ability to neutralize a reference SARS-CoV-2 B strain, as well as Delta AY.4 and Omicron BA.1. The frequency of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and memory B cells induced by the four different vaccines was assessed six months after the immunization. We found that mRNA vaccines are stronger inducer of anti-Spike IgG and B-memory cell responses. Humoral immune responses are lower in frail elderly subjects. Neutralization of the Delta AY.4 and Omicron BA.1 variants is severely impaired, especially in older individuals. Most vaccinees display a vaccine-specific T-cell memory six months after the vaccination. By describing the immunological response during the first phase of COVID-19 vaccination campaign in different cohorts and considering several aspects of the immunological response, this study allowed to collect key information that could facilitate the implementation of effective prevention and control measures against SARS-CoV-2.
Keywords
