Nonmotor symptoms and sleep disturbances in patients with blepharospasm

Abstract

Blepharospasm is a disabling focal dystonia, which is characterized by involuntary bilateral synchronous, excessive blinking and closure of the eyes. This leads to functional impairment in vision and consequences such as inability to carry out daily activities such as driving a vehicle and walking. In addition, these patients can develop many nonmotor symptoms. There is a significant prevalence of anxiety, depression, and obsessive compulsion disorders in patients with blepharospasm. Sleep problems such as poor quality of sleep, delayed sleep latency, and reduced sleep duration are also seen in blepharospasm. This review aims to summarize the literature on the impact of nonmotor symptoms in patients with blepharospasm.

Keywords

• anxiety
• blepharospasm
• depression
• nonmotor
• sleep