Multi-Objective Optimal D-PMU Placement for Fast, Reliable and High-Precision Observations of Active Distribution Networks

Abstract

The distribution-level phasor measurement unit(D-PMU), as a new type of measurement equipment, can support the fast and high-precision observations of active distribution networks. This paper presents a new D-PMU optimal placement method that can be used to reconcile investments with the reliability of high-precision observation systems. The multi-objective optimization model primarily considers the influence of topology changes and N-1 contingencies on observation reliability. Its objectives include minimizing the number of D-PMUs, maximizing network measurement redundancy (NMR) and the average number of observable buses under N-1 contingencies (ANOBC). The model is extended to a form of multi-topology weighting and is combined with zero-injection buses and other measurements. We take the observability of high-weight topology set as the constraint. The model can be solved using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-III (NSGA-III), which gives the set of Pareto optimal solutions. Then, the D-PMU placement order determination method based on the spatial electrical distance is proposed to improve the effect of state estimation faster. IEEE standard systems are taken to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. With the same number of D-PMUs, this method derives more ANOBC and NMR than other methods. When considering topology changes, the proposed method can use fewer additional D-PMUs to substantially increase the ANOBC and NMR.

Keywords

• D-PMU
• active distribution network
• observability
• <i>N</i>-1 contingencies
• non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-III
• topology change