Agrology (Feb 2023)
Optimization of the phytotoxic effect of herbicide mixtures in winter wheat crops of agrocenoses of the steppe ecotype
Abstract
Abstract. Grain productivity of winter wheat largely depends on the degree of weeds, the effectiveness of herbicide application, and soil and climatic conditions. We conducted field tests of new formulations of herbicides on winter wheat crops, aimed at optimizing the phytotoxic composition of tank mixtures consisting of multi-spectrum active substances. When performing the study, we used the general scientific and special research methods for studying the species composition of weeds, evaluating the technical effectiveness of herbicides, biometric indicators of plants and accounting for grain yield. Species identification of weed phytocenosis in winter wheat crops showed weed invasion by ragweed and sunflower. We studied the phytotoxic properties of tank mixtures of herbicides based on the active substance thifensulfuron-methyl, tribenuron-methyl, florasulam and combined preparations based on halauxifen-methyl, florasulam, cloquintocet acid and florasulam, aminopyralid, 2-ethylhexyl ether 2,4-D, their technical efficiency, dynamics of weed inhibition and death during the crop growing season, and individual resistance of the weed species. We carried out a biometric analysis (seeding density, linear growth, yield of grain from the ear) of winter wheat depending on the toxicity of herbicides. We concluded that the mixture of herbicides Granstar Gold 30 g/ha + Hammer 20 g/ha was the most effective. The relevance of the problems we considered in the article is enhanced by the broad potential of improving the weed control system in highly variable phytocenoses in crop rotations of modern adaptive agriculture and ensuring environmental safety.
