Scientific Reports (Jul 2021)

$$\mu PT$$ μ P T statistical ensemble: systems with fluctuating energy, particle number, and volume

  • Ugo Marzolino

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94013-x
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 11, no. 1
pp. 1 – 16

Abstract

Read online

Abstract Within the theory of statistical ensemble, the so-called $$\mu PT$$ μ P T ensemble describes equilibrium systems that exchange energy, particles, and volume with the surrounding. General, model-independent features of volume and particle number statistics are derived. Non-analytic points of the partition function are discussed in connection with divergent fluctuations and ensemble equivalence. Quantum and classical ideal gases, and a model of Bose gas with mean-field interactions are discussed as examples of the above considerations.