The Spectrum of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Patients Attending Rheumatology Clinic in Nizwa Hospital-Oman

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the spectrum and expression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in patients attending the rheumatology clinic in Nizwa hospital, Oman.Methods: Subjects and methods: 66 patients fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for the diagnosis of RA were included in the study. The patients were either attending for the first time or were already diagnosed and attending for follow up. The demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological findings are reported.Results: Of the 66 patients studied, 16 were males and 50 were females. The mean age of patients at onset was 44.5 ±14.5 years, and the females were younger than males at presentation. 38 (57.57%) were seropositive and two (3.03%) only had rheumatoid nodules. The majority of the patients were considered as class 1 or 2 according to the ACR functional classification. The commonest extra-articular manifestation was anaemia (27.27%) followed by keratoconjuctivitis sicca (24.42%). The upper limb joints were affected more than the lower limbs and the most commonly involved joint was the wrist (81%) followed by the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) (66.66%) joints, the knee (57.57%), ankle (45.45%), elbow (42.42%), shoulder (42.42%), and the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) (36.36%) joints. The main associated diseases were hypertension (21%), ischemic heart disease (13.63%) and diabetes mellitus (9.03%). Systemic features were predominantly morning stiffness (84.5%) and fatigue (45.45%). Reported deaths were due to sepsis and cardiac arrhythmia. Thus 63 (95.45%) of the patients were on conventional disease modifying antirheumatic drugs.Conclusions: Demographic characteristics were similar to those reported by others, the seropositivity rate and nodular form of the disease was less in the studied patients and the disease seemed milder than that reported in western countries.