Experimental characterization of the quantum many-body localization transition

Abstract

As strength of disorder enhances beyond a threshold value in many-body systems, a fundamental transformation happens through which the entire spectrum localizes, a phenomenon known as many-body localization. This has profound implications as it breaks down fundamental principles of statistical mechanics, such as thermalization and ergodicity. Due to the complexity of the problem, the investigation of the many-body localization transition has remained a big challenge. The experimental exploration of the transition point is even more challenging as most of the proposed quantities for studying such an effect are practically infeasible. Here, we experimentally implement a scalable protocol for detecting the many-body localization transition point, using the dynamics of an N=12 superconducting qubit array. We show that the sensitivity of the dynamics to random samples becomes maximum at the transition point, which leaves its fingerprints in all spatial scales. By exploiting three quantities, each with a different spatial resolution, we identify the transition point with an excellent match between simulation and experiment. In addition, one can detect the evidence of a mobility edge through slight variation of the transition point as the initial state varies. The protocol is easily scalable and can be performed across various physical platforms.