Surface Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystal Films via RAFT Polymerization for Adsorption of PFAS

Abstract

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are bio-based materials able to be functionalized following different approaches, which expands their range of applications. One such approach is surface-initiated polymerization, which involves the attachment of an initiator to the CNC’s surface to initiate the growth of the polymer. This work reports the modification of CNCs using the described approach. First, a CNC-based film was prepared, on which an initiator (RAFT agent) was grafted, and then (trimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, a positively charged monomer, was polymerized using reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The CNC film was successfully modified and fully characterized. Different degrees of polymerization were targeted to emphasize the effect of the positively charged polymer and their chain length on the adsorption efficiency. The results showed that by increasing the chain length of the grafted polymer, up to 80% of both pollutants could be removed, with a faster adsorption of PFOS as compared to PFOA.

Keywords

• perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)
• perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS)
• cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)
• poly(trimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate) (PTMAEMA)
• reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)