Nutrients (Jun 2022)
Inverse Association between Dietary Iron Intake and Gastric Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of Case-Control Studies of the Stop Consortium
- Giulia Collatuzzo,
- Federica Teglia,
- Claudio Pelucchi,
- Eva Negri,
- Charles S. Rabkin,
- Linda M. Liao,
- Rashmi Sinha,
- Lizbeth López-Carrillo,
- Nuno Lunet,
- Samantha Morais,
- Nuria Aragonés,
- Victor Moreno,
- Jesus Vioque,
- Manoli Garcia de la Hera,
- Mary H. Ward,
- Reza Malekzadeh,
- Mohammadreza Pakseresht,
- Raúl Ulises Hernández-Ramírez,
- Malaquias López-Cervantes,
- Rossella Bonzi,
- Michela Dalmartello,
- Shoichiro Tsugane,
- Akihisa Hidaka,
- M. Constanza Camargo,
- Maria Paula Curado,
- Zuo-Feng Zhang,
- Nadia Zubair,
- Carlo La Vecchia,
- Shailja Shah,
- Paolo Boffetta
Affiliations
- Giulia Collatuzzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Federica Teglia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Claudio Pelucchi
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Epidemiology “G. A. Maccacaro”, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Eva Negri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Charles S. Rabkin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
- Linda M. Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
- Rashmi Sinha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
- Lizbeth López-Carrillo
- Mexico National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico
- Nuno Lunet
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Samantha Morais
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Nuria Aragonés
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Victor Moreno
- Oncology Data Analytics Program, Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Hospital Duran I Reynals, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Jesus Vioque
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Manoli Garcia de la Hera
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Mary H. Ward
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
- Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 1411713135, Iran
- Mohammadreza Pakseresht
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 1411713135, Iran
- Raúl Ulises Hernández-Ramírez
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Malaquias López-Cervantes
- Facultad de Medicina, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Coyoacán 04510, Mexico
- Rossella Bonzi
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Epidemiology “G. A. Maccacaro”, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Michela Dalmartello
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Epidemiology “G. A. Maccacaro”, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- Akihisa Hidaka
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- M. Constanza Camargo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
- Maria Paula Curado
- Centro Internacional de Pesquisa, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil
- Zuo-Feng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Nadia Zubair
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Carlo La Vecchia
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Epidemiology “G. A. Maccacaro”, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Shailja Shah
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122555
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 14,
no. 12
p. 2555
Abstract
Background: Inconsistent findings have been reported regarding the relationship between dietary iron intake and the risk of gastric cancer (GC). Methods: We pooled data from 11 case-control studies from the Stomach Cancer Pooling (StoP) Project. Total dietary iron intake was derived from food frequency questionnaires combined with national nutritional tables. We derived the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for quartiles of dietary iron through multivariable unconditional logistic regression models. Secondary analyses stratified by sex, smoking status, caloric intake, anatomical subsite and histological type were performed. Results: Among 4658 cases and 12247 controls, dietary iron intake was inversely associated with GC (per quartile OR 0.88; 95% CI: 0.83–0.93). Results were similar between cardia (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.77–0.94) and non-cardia GC (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.81–0.94), and for diffuse (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.69–0.89) and intestinal type (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.79–0.98). Iron intake exerted an independent effect from that of smoking and salt intake. Additional adjustment by meat and fruit/vegetable intake did not alter the results. Conclusions: Dietary iron is inversely related to GC, with no difference by subsite or histological type. While the results should be interpreted with caution, they provide evidence against a direct effect of iron in gastric carcinogenesis.
Keywords