The effects of prophylactic administration of tranexamic acid on the operative time and the amount of blood transfused during open fixation of pelvis and acetabulum fractures

Abstract

Abstract Background Orthopedic surgeons face challenges regarding perioperative bleeding during the operations of pelvic and acetabular fracture cases. Although the recently popular tranexamic acid (TXA) has proven to be a useful tool, this study primarily aimed to conduct a retrospective comparative analysis of the results of the prophylactic administration of tranexamic acid during open fixation of pelvis and acetabulum fractures, especially regarding operative time and the amount of blood transfused; and in addition, share the results related to other findings including the management of the erythrocyte suspension use and overall cost as secondary aims and thus providing a comprehensive point of view. Methods The files of patients with pelvis or acetabulum fractures admitted to the Emergency Clinic of the Adana City Training and Research Hospital between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2023, were analyzed retrospectively. The inclusion criteria were as follows: patients aged 18 years or older who had undergone open reduction for pelvis or acetabulum fractures. Results There were 78 files identified for analysis. Among the fractures, 27 were located at the pelvis (34.61%) and 51 at the acetabulum (65.38%). The pelvic fracture cases’ age and preoperative hemoglobulin levels were significantly lower (p = 0.019 and p = 0.006, respectively). When all cases were dichotomized into two groups, ones requiring ICU monitoring and the remaining, there were statistically significant differences in terms of the preoperative hemoglobin levels (p = 0.0446), intraoperative bleeding (p = 0.0134), units of erythrocyte suspension used (p = 0.0066), drain output (p = 0.0301), hospitalization duration (p = 0.0008), and the overall cost (p = 0.0002). The comparison regarding TXA use showed that the use of blood products was significantly higher in the pelvic fractures not treated with TXA (6.44 ± 4.42 units, p = 0.0029). The duration of surgery was shorter for pelvic fractures treated with TXA (98.33 ± 21.76 min, p = 0.047). Conclusion Among the variables, the amount of intraoperative bleeding emerged as the most correlated element, which strongly suggests that in managing open reduction internal fixation surgeries performed for pelvis and acetabulum fractures, intraoperative bleeding should be considered as the crucial factor. Therefore, the administration of TXA, by effectively reducing the amount of intraoperative bleeding, should be considered as an essential tool for orthopedic surgeons.

Keywords

• Pelvis
• Acetabulum
• Fracture fixation
• Tranexamic acid
• Erythrocyte transfusions
• Hospital costs