Changes in pharyngeal airway space and hyoid bone position after Bionator treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusions

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the treatment effectiveness of long-term Bionator use on the craniofacial pattern, nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, hyoid bone, and cervical vertebrae in patients presenting with a skeletal Class II malocclusion involving mandibular retrognathia.