Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Multichannel Cognitive Radio Networks With Energy Harvesting

Abstract

This paper investigates cooperative spectrum sensing in multi-channel cognitive radio networks (CRNs) with energy harvesting. Our goal is two-fold: first, to determine the optimal sensing parameters for effective management of the limited energy budget in order to maximize the achievable throughput, and second, to exploit the benefits of a practical CRN towards improving the performance of the energy constrained CRN. Two different scenarios are considered. In the first, the secondary user (SU) is assigned a single radio frequency (RF) harvesting source, while in the second, the SU is assigned multiple RF harvesting sources and can opportunistically harvest from any of the sources. For these scenarios, the problem is formulated as a stochastic optimal control system with infinite and continuous state and action spaces. This is known to be computationally intractable and becomes even more complicated in a two-dimensional problem such as considered. In order to reduce the computational complexity, a myopic optimization approach is taken, and the problem is formulated into a mixed integer nonlinear problem (MINLP) to determine the channel assignment, the sensing duration, the distribution of the sensing duration associated with the assigned channels and the detection threshold under the constraint of energy causality and primary user (PU) protection. A near-optimal solution is obtained to the MINLP based on the alternating convex optimization technique. The simulation results obtained show that the considered work can improve the amount of energy harvested and, by extension, the active probability of the SUs by exploiting the multi-channel benefits of practical CRN for enhanced throughput.

Keywords

• Energy harvesting cognitive radio network (EH-CRN)
• cooperative spectrum sensing
• energy harvesting sources
• primary user (PU)
• multi-channel
• optimization problem