Hyponatremia and Oxidative Stress

Abstract

Hyponatremia, i.e., the presence of a serum sodium concentration ([Na+]) +] was associated with detrimental effects on cellular homeostasis independently of hypoosmolality. Most of these alterations appeared to be elicited by oxidative stress. In this review, we focus on the role of oxidative stress on both osmolality-dependent and -independent impairment of cell and tissue functions observed in hyponatremic conditions. Furthermore, basic and clinical research suggested that oxidative stress appears to be a common denominator of the degenerative processes related to aging, cancer progression, and hyponatremia. Of note, low [Na+] is able to exacerbate multiple manifestations of senescence and to decrease progression-free and overall survival in oncologic patients.

Keywords

• hyponatremia
• osmotic stress
• oxidative stress
• ROS
• senescence
• cancer