In situ Synchrotron X-ray Powder Diffraction Study of the Early Hydration of α-tricalcium Phosphate/tricalcium Silicate Composite Bone Cement

Abstract

Bioactivity, osteogenicity and mechanical properties of α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) based phosphates cements can be improved by adding tricalcium silicate (C3S); however, the addition of C3S delays the precipitation and growth of calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA). Thus, the aim of this work was the study of in situ setting reaction of α-TCP/C3S composite bone cement under high energy X-ray generated by a synchrotron source within the first 72h. The results showed that the addition of C3S induces the precipitation of nanosized CDHA at early times depending on the added content. Calculated crystallite sizes showed that the higher the content of C3S, the smaller the crystal size at the beginning of the precipitation. These results are different from those obtained by conventional XRD method, suggesting that the proposed technique is a powerful tool in determining the composition and extent of reaction of CPCs surfaces in real time.

Keywords

• calcium phosphate cements
• hydroxyapatite
• tricalcium silicate
• X-ray diffraction