Impact of Fluorinated Ionic Liquids on Human Phenylalanine Hydroxylase—A Potential Drug Delivery System

Abstract

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by deficient activity of human phenylalanine hydroxylase (hPAH), which can lead to neurologic impairments in untreated patients. Although some therapies are already available for PKU, these are not without drawbacks. Enzyme-replacement therapy through the delivery of functional hPAH could be a promising strategy. In this work, biophysical methods were used to evaluate the potential of [N1112(OH)][C4F9SO3], a biocompatible fluorinated ionic liquid (FIL), as a delivery system of hPAH. The results herein presented show that [N1112(OH)][C4F9SO3] spontaneously forms micelles in a solution that can encapsulate hPAH. This FIL has no significant effect on the secondary structure of hPAH and is able to increase its enzymatic activity, despite the negative impact on protein thermostability. The influence of [N1112(OH)][C4F9SO3] on the complex oligomerization equilibrium of hPAH was also assessed.

Keywords

• fluorinated ionic liquids
• surface-active ionic liquids
• human phenylalanine hydroxylase
• phenylketonuria
• encapsulation