Natural gypenosides: targeting cancer through different molecular pathways

Abstract

Bashir Ahmad,1,2 Suliman Khan,1,3,4 Ghulam Nabi,4,5 Yaser Gamallat,2 Pengyu Su,2 Yazeed Jamalat,2 Pengfei Duan,1,3 Lunguang Yao1,31Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Health Products of Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, People’s Republic of China; 2College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, People’s Republic of China; 3Collaborative Innovation Centre of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province/Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, School of Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, People’s Republic of China; 4University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 5Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of ChinaAbstract: The second foremost cause of mortality around the word is cancer. Conventional therapies, such as radiation, surgery, and chemotherapy have limited accessibility owing to secondary resistance. Therefore, convenient, safe, and nonresistant drugs are urgently needed. Plant-derived natural products have attracted considerable interest owing to their high efficacy, low toxicity, and convenience. Gypenosides (Gyp) inhibit invasion, migration, metastasis, and proliferation and induce apoptosis in different cancers, including oral, lung, colorectal, hepatocellular, and leukemic cancers through different molecular pathways. This review summarizes Gyp studies on cancer to serve as a reference for further research and clinical trials.Keywords: cancer, surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, Gyp, oral, lung, leukemic, colorectal, hepatocellular

Keywords

• Cancer
• Surgery
• chemotherapy
• radiation therapy
• Gyp
• Oral
• Lung
• Leukemic
• Colorectal
• Hepatocellular