COVID-19 related vascular complications in a pediatric patient: A case report

Abstract

The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is a relatively recent infection that has resulted in a global pandemic, appearing first at the end of 2019. While initially presenting as a predominantly respiratory disease, with a classical picture of fever, dry cough, dyspnea and, in some cases anosmia and ageusia, recent cases have shown increasingly atypical and more systemic manifestation of the disease. A precise understanding of the extent and pathophysiology of COVID-19 remains underway to this day, particularly concerning its behavior in the pediatric population. Moreover, there has been an increasing number of COVID-19 reports with neurological complications and manifestations, prompting inquiry into neuroinvasion. Postulations include indirect invasion through a surge of inflammatory mediators “cytokine storm” and subsequent widespread endothelial injury; and direct neural tropism. We report the case of a previously healthy 12-year-old male presenting with acute right-sided hemiparesis, new-onset seizures and a generalized petechial rash. Laboratory tests revealed elevated inflammatory markers and radiological investigations confirmed an evolving left middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarct and large vessel vasculitis. Testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection was positive.

Keywords

• Covid-19
• vasculitis
• COVID-19 vasculitis
• COVID-19 complications
• Pediatric neuroradiology
• NEURORADIOLOGY