Physicochemical and bacteriological quality and safety of packaged drinking water in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Oumar Traoré,
Nafissatou Ouédraogo,
René Dembélé,
Dissinviel Stéphane Kpoda,
Courage Kosi Setsoafia Saba,
Isidore Juste Ouindgueta Bonkoungou,
Nicolas Barro
Affiliations
Oumar Traoré
Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (UFR/SAT), Université de Dédougou, BP 76, Dédougou, Burkina Faso
Nafissatou Ouédraogo
Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (UFR/SAT), Université de Dédougou, BP 76, Dédougou, Burkina Faso
René Dembélé
Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (UFR/SAT), Université de Dédougou, BP 76, Dédougou, Burkina Faso
Dissinviel Stéphane Kpoda
Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Biotechnologie Microbienne/Centre Universitaire Polytechnique de Ziniaré, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
Courage Kosi Setsoafia Saba
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, University for Development Studies, P.O. Box TL 1882, Tamale, Ghana
Isidore Juste Ouindgueta Bonkoungou
Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmis par les Aliments, CRSBAN/Département de Biochimie-Microbiologie, UFR/SVT-Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
Nicolas Barro
Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmis par les Aliments, CRSBAN/Département de Biochimie-Microbiologie, UFR/SVT-Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
Urban packaged water samples of Ouagadougou were studied in order to assess their bacteriological and chemical characteristics and suitability for potable purposes. The study also investigated the sanitation of the companies producing packaged water. Packaged water from 17 different brands was purchased and analyzed for physicochemical (turbidity, pH, EC, total hardness, NH4+, NO3-, HCO3-, SO42-, and Cl−) and bacteriological (total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus, and sulphite-reducing anaerobic bacteria) parameters. The production sites investigation included: (1) distance between latrines and water sources superior to 15 m, (2) hygiene of handling personnel, (3) training of handling personnel on good hygiene practice and manufacturing, (4) hygiene of premises, and (5) hygiene of toilets. All the samples met the national guidelines for the physicochemical parameters investigated. Enterococcus, sulphite-reducing anaerobic bacteria spores, and E. coli were not found. Total coliforms were found in 8 (47.1%) in February, 9 (52.9%) in March, 2 (11.7%) in April, and 5 (29.4%) in May, while 7 (41.2%) brands were always in compliance with the guidelines. Some packaged waters were contaminated with total coliforms or P. aeruginosa above acceptable limits for human consumption. Regarding bacteriological contamination, it is necessary to reinforce water treatment systems in certain packaged water companies. HIGHLIGHTS Physicochemical and bacteriological parameters were evaluated using standard methods to have an overview of packaged water in Ouagadougou.; Packaged water companies have implemented various treatment techniques.; The use of reliable treatment systems is of crucial importance in view of the results obtained.;
