Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias (Jun 2011)
Caracterización de los sistemas de producción porcina en las principales regiones porcicolas colombianas Caracterização dos sistemas de produção de suínos nas principais regiões suínas da Colômbia Characterization of pig farms in the main swine producing regions of Colombia
Abstract
El presente estudio tuvo como objeto caracterizar productivamente las granjas porcícolas colombianas de producción intensiva con más de 200 hembras en el pie de cría en las tres regiones con mayor influencia sobre la producción nacional lo cual representó el 62% del inventario nacional de madres. Se seleccionó aleatoriamente una muestra de 67 granjas con un nivel de confianza del 95%, una precisión del 10% y una variabilidad del 50%. Se aplicó una encuesta para estimar los principales indicadores sanitarios y de productividad en cada una de las etapas de producción: aclimatización, cría, precebo y ceba. Se establecieron las diferencias de los indicadores entre las regiones evaluadas (pEste estudo teve como objectivo caracterizar produtivamente as empresas suínas com mais de e 200 fêmeas reprodutoras em três regiões com maior influência nacional, que representaram 62% do inventário nacional das mães. Foi seleccionada aleatoreamente uma amostra de 67 granjas com um nível de confiança de 95%, uma precisão de 10% e uma variabilidade de 50%. Um inquérito foi utilizado para estimar indicadores de saúde e produtividade em todas as fases de produção: aclimatação, cria, reprodução, pré engorda e engorda. Foram encontradas diferencias entre granjas nos indicadores entre as regiões avaliadas (pThe goal of this study was to characterize intensive pig farms with inventories of 200 or more sows. Farms were located in the three major swine rearing areas of Colombia, representing 62% of the national total sow inventory. A random sample of 67 farms was evaluated, considering a 95% confidence level, 10% precision and 50% variability. A survey was applied to each farm, registering health and production indexes within each production stage, such as acclimatization, farrowing, weaning, and growing/finishing. Index differences between regions were established (p<0.05) and herd performance was analyzed to identify strengths and weaknesses of the main Colombian swine industry. Herds in the evaluated regions had a 87.6% farrowing rate, with a total of 11.7 pigs born per litter, of which 10.8 were born alive; and 10 pigs were weaned per litter, with an average production of 22.3 pigs weaned per sow/year. The average slaughter age was 166.1 days with 102.2 kg per pig. Indexes established in the present study were similar or higher compared to the ones reported for other countries. These data suggest that Colombian swine producers still have great opportunities to increase profitability if production costs decrease and the number of pigs and the amount of pork produced per year is increased.
