An Endophytic <i>Diaporthe apiculatum</i> Produces Monoterpenes with Inhibitory Activity against Phytopathogenic Fungi
Xiao-Yu Song,
Huihua Wang,
Fei Ren,
Kaiying Wang,
Guiming Dou,
Xing Lv,
Dong-Hui Yan,
Gary Strobel
Affiliations
Xiao-Yu Song
Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Open Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
Huihua Wang
Department of Food and Biological Engineering, Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing 102442, China
Fei Ren
Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 102300, China
Kaiying Wang
Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Open Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
Guiming Dou
Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Open Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
Xing Lv
Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Open Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
Dong-Hui Yan
Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Open Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
Gary Strobel
Department of Plant Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from endophytic fungi are becoming a potential antibiotic resource. The inhibitive effects of VOCs produced by an endophytic fungus in Leucaena leucocephala were investigated on plant pathogens in this study. Using standard morphological methods and multigene phylogeny, the fungus was identified as Diaporthe apiculatum strain FPYF 3052. Utilizing a two- compartment Petri plate bioassay method, the VOCs from this fungus showed bioactivity ranging from 23.8% to 66.7% inhibition on eight plant pathogens within 24 hours. The SPME-GC/MS technique identified fifteen volatile compounds with dominant terpenoids γ-terpinene (39.8%), α-terpinene (17.2%), and (-)-4-terpineol (8.4%) from the VOCs. Commercial α-terpinene, γ-terpinene, and (-)-4-terpineol demonstrated inhibition on the tested pathogens at concentrations from 0.2 to 1.0 µl/ml within 72 h in the bioassay system. The inhibition rates were from 28% to 100% percent using 1.0 µl/ml within 48 h. (-)-4-Terpineol was the most active of the terpenoids causing up to 100% inhibition. The data illustrate that these monoterpenes play an important role in the inhibitive bioactivity of the VOCs of D. apiculatum FPYF 3052. Most importantly, (-)-4-terpineol is now for the first time, reported to have capability of strong antifungal activity and could be developed as an antibiotic substance.
