<i>Ocruranus</i>–<i>Eohalobia</i> Sclerites from the Cambrian Stage 2 Yanjiahe Formation in South China: Scleritome Reconstruction and Zoological Affinity

Abstract

The isolated sclerites of the Ocruranus and Eohalobia group are abundant among the early Cambrian small shelly fossil assemblages, which were recently assigned to the same scleritome as an early member of the polyplacophoran (chiton) stem lineage. However, the scleritome reconstruction and zoological affinities of these sclerites are still controversial due to the lack of exceptionally preserved articulated specimens with in-situ sclerites. Herein, we report new specimens of Ocruranus and Eohalobia sclerites from Member 5 of the Yanjiahe Formation, which provide new insights into the reconstruction of the original scleritome. The Eohalobia sclerites from the Yanjiahe Formation have an extended and upfolded proximal field with dense wrinkles, which seems to be a weakly mineralized structure and acted as a joint with another sclerite, Ocruranus. Comparing the butterfly-shaped proximal field on a unique sclerite of Eohalobia with the sub-apical field on Ocruranus sclerites suggests that the original scleritome of this group may consist of only two types of sclerites: the Ocruranus-type and the Eohalobia-type. The polygonal structure on the internal mold of Eohalobia sclerites is interpreted herein as the muscle attachment zone; their distribution corresponds well with that of the modern chitons, which provides strong evidence to support the close relationship between the Ocruranus–Eohalobia group and the Polyplacophora.

Keywords

• <i>Ocruranus</i>–<i>Eohalobia</i> group
• Polyplacophora
• muscle attachment zone
• Cambrian Stage 2
• South China