A highly sensitive modified triple split ring metamaterial-based sensor for blood sample detection based on dielectric property alteration
Abdullah Al Mahfazur Rahman,
Mohammad Tariqul Islam,
Phumin Kirawanich,
Badariah Bais,
Haitham Alsaif,
Abdulwadoud A. Maash,
Ahasanul Hoque,
Md. Moniruzzaman,
Md. Shabiul Islam,
Mohamed S. Soliman
Affiliations
Abdullah Al Mahfazur Rahman
Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Mohammad Tariqul Islam
Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Phumin Kirawanich
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
Badariah Bais
Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Haitham Alsaif
Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81481, Saudi Arabia
Abdulwadoud A. Maash
Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
Ahasanul Hoque
Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Md. Moniruzzaman
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Uttara, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
Md. Shabiul Islam
Faculty of Engineering (FOE), Multimedia University, Persiaran Multimedia, Cyberjaya 63100, Selangor, Malaysia
Mohamed S. Soliman
Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
This research paper demonstrates a metamaterial (MTM) based sensing technique to detect various blood samples by analyzing their dielectric properties. The performance of this MTM-based sensor is evaluated with the help of mimicked human blood samples that closely resemble the dielectric properties of actual human blood samples. Moreover, the ISM band frequency of 2.4 GHz is chosen as one of the reference resonance frequencies due to its various industrial and medical applications. The resonating patch is developed on the FR-4 substrate with a dimension of 10 × 20 mm2 that provides sharp reference resonances of 2.4 and 4.72 GHz for the spectra of the transmission coefficient with a good quality factor (Q-factor). The MTM sensor can detect the mimicked blood samples with a maximum frequency deviation of up to 650 MHz at 2.4 GHz and up to 850 MHz at 4.72 GHz, with maximum sensitivity of 0.917 and 0.707, respectively. The measured results using the prototype of the sensor support the simulation result with good agreement, indicating high sensing capability. Due to its high sensitivity, figure of merit (FoM), and frequency shifting with dielectric property changes in blood samples, the developed MTM-based sensor can be implemented effectively for quick sensing of infected blood samples and biomedical applications.
