Infection and Drug Resistance (Apr 2023)
Antibacterial Activity Against Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Isolates of Nine Plants from Chencha, Southern Ethiopia
Abstract
Aseer Manilal,1 Kuzhunellil Raghavanpillai Sabu,2 Azene Tsefaye,1 Teklu Teshome,3 Addis Aklilu,1 Mohammed Seid,1 Gebre Kayta,1 Amanuel Albene Ayele,4 Akbar Idhayadhulla5 1Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; 2Department of Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; 3Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; 4Department of Malaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 5Research Department of Chemistry, Nehru Memorial College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Trichy, Tamil Nadu, 621007, IndiaCorrespondence: Aseer Manilal, Email [email protected]: The diminishing efficacy of antibiotics currently in use and the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria pose a grave threat to public health worldwide. Hence, new classes of antimicrobials are urgently required, and the search is continuing.Methods: Nine plants were chosen for the current work, which are collected from the highlands of Chencha, Ethiopia. Plant extracts containing secondary metabolites in various organic solvents were checked for antibacterial activity against type culture bacterial pathogens and MDR clinical isolates. The broth dilution technique was used to evaluate the minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations of highly active plant extracts, and time-kill kinetic and cytotoxic assays were performed using the most active plant extract.Results: Two plants (C. asiatica and S. marianum) were highly active against ATCC isolates. The EtOAc extract of C. asiatica produced the highest zone of inhibition ranging between 18.2± 0.8– 20.7± 0.7 and 16.1± 0.4– 19.2± 1.4 mm against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. The EtOH extract of S. marianum displayed zones of inhibition in the range of 19.9± 1.4– 20.5± 0.7 mm against the type culture bacteria. The EtOAc extract of C. asiatica effectively curbed the growth of six MDR clinical isolates. The MIC values of C. asiatica against the Gram-negative bacteria tested were 2.5 mg/mL, whereas the corresponding MBC values were 5 mg/mL in each case. The MIC and MBC values were the lowest in the case of Gram-positive bacteria, ie, 0.65 and 1.25 mg/mL, respectively. A time-kill assay showed the inhibition of MRSA at 4 × MIC and 8 × MIC within 2 hours of incubation. The 24 h LD50 values of C. asiatica and S. marianum corresponding to Artemia salina were 3.05 and 2.75 mg/mL, respectively.Conclusion: Overall results substantiate the inclusion of C. asiatica and S. marianum as antibacterial agents in traditional medicines.Keywords: plant extract, antimicrobial, cytotoxicity, Chencha, secondary metabolites, drug resistance
