Influence of COVID-19 lockdowns on NO2 levels in Urmia city: a comparative analysis between 2018 and 2020

Abstract

Background & Aims: The COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns imposed unprecedented changes in urban environments, impacting air quality worldwide. This study investigates the influence of COVID-19 lockdowns on nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels in Urmia City, Iran, between 2018 and 2020. NO2, a key air pollutant emitted from various sources including motor vehicles and heating systems, poses significant health risks. Through comparative analysis, this study examines NO2 concentrations during pre-pandemic and pandemic periods, aiming to understand the environmental consequences of lockdown measures. Materials & Methods: Data collected from the Environmental Protection Agency of West Azerbaijan Province and analyzed using rigorous quality assurance measures reveal intriguing trends in NO2 levels across different seasons. Results: Despite expectations of reduced emissions during lockdowns, findings suggest complex dynamics influencing air pollution levels, with notable increases observed during certain periods of stringent restrictions. Further research is recommended to explore discrepancies in air quality trends and develop sustainable environmental management strategies for future challenges. Conclusion: This study contributes valuable insights into the environmental impacts of COVID-19 lockdowns, emphasizing the need for proactive measures to safeguard public health and the environment. However, another source of NO2 emissions needed to be controlled.

Keywords

• covid-19 lockdowns
• nitrogen dioxide (no2)
• urban environment
• urmia city